> EMBODYING EMOTIONS 

- Reduce cognitive load 
	- action-perception dynamics
	- perception drives action (cuts out cognition)
	- subsumption architectures
	- perceptual systems - saccades - world is the best model of itself

- we dont create internal representations - computationally inefficient
	- we just outsource memory to the environment 

- we let the looping nature of perception and action inform one another 
	- creates new opportunities for cognition 

- speaking in tongues - making random sounds - auto-didactic : God speaking through them (??)

- any processing in the brain involves all 3 parts of the triune brain (rational, mammalian, reptilian)
- all development that happens, happens in all 3 parts of the brain 
	- TRIUNE theory = outdated 

- amygdala - linked to cortex, as cortex grew, amygdala grew

- emotions are dynamic : see something (perception) -> cognition decides emotion -> triggers action -> perception -> ...
	- vigilance (attentional : cognitive) <-> arousal (emotional)
	- processes are collaborative in various dynamical ways to produce feedbacks like road rage, we should be skeptical of easy demarcation of "cognition" and "emotion"

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

> EMBODIED COGNITIVE-EMOTIONAL BRAIN

- Dynamical systems between brain in cognitive and emotional processes to break down outdated cognitive ontology 

- early idea : stimulus -> physiological response -> emotion ; difference between what it is to "think" and "feel"
- William James and Lange-> emotion is the neurophysiological response to a stimulus (sounds like Smart saying that brain is mind : behaviour is the neural)
	- emotion : prepping the body to carry out the behaviour the cognitive systems decides 
	- issue : multiple realisability :-> same emotion can arise from different situations that can lead to different neurophysiological manifestations
	- arousal neuroregulatory chemicals are the same for 2 different emotions 
	
- Schacter two-factor theory -> you have to interpret the body's signals (emotion gets interpreted by cognition in a particular situation/context which is done)
	- change is contextualised - cognitive appraisal + physiological change
- Discrete theory of emotion -> figure out list of basic emotions : basic emotions are species-neutral, hardwired, have unique physiological & neural signatures (Panksepp, 1998)
	criticism : problematic division of brain into emotion and cognition 

- emotions : core affect - valence : positive and negative emotions (like/ dislike)
			 - arousal : happy/ sad
			 - tension : 
- mood : more global, abstract, less prone to change, longer lasting

- Psychological Constructionism - Lisa Feldman -> situated (contextualised) emotion - embodied changes recursively affect neural dynamics 
	[relevance]
	- neurophysiological dynamism occurring across the entire body
	- came from dimensional theory : emotional episodes are combinations of more fundamental dimensions such as arousal and valence working in combination with cognitive processes of appraisal 
	- eg. high arousal, +ve valence = excited; low arousal, +ve valence = relaxation; low arousal, -ve valence = depression


	- Orbito-frontal Cortex (OFC) - divided into lateral and medial 
		- 1. medial OFC takes rough visual information from subcortical areas and makes a quick (~100 ms) guess at what the rough info could mean 
		- 2. Recreates affective dynamics that are associated with that stimulus usually
		- 3. Motor programme prepare body for interacting with the stimulus
		- 4. Drives visual cortex (expectations, memories) to get more visual info -> affective dynamics drive perceptual clarity hone in on what the object is 
		- 5. OFC updates initial prediction (affective behavioural expectations inform prediction)
		- Back to stage 1 with new prediction 
		
		- recursive loop continues till a precise representation is generated (at what point does the brain stop getting new information about the apple? when it is similar to the prediction based on the previous experience of seeing an apple? or when it gets enough information to do whatever it is the body is predicting the apple is needed for) - LATTER

	- Constructivist theory of emotion - making sense of ambiguous sensations by filling them out with "stored representations of prior experiences" (Wilson-Mendenhall et al., 2011)
	- track how well or poorly doing - affective dynamics
	- memories, knowledge, expectation, co-evolution of emotion-cognition 
	- resonant body is a key contributor in the unfolding of the prediction that constitutes the experience 
	- emergent visual experience is the result of both neural and physiological signals evolving dynamically together over time
	- emotions do not map onto distinct regions and networks in the brain, they are a result of dynamic interactions b/n large scale networks that compute domain-general fns

	[criticism]
	- follow the constructionist theory - (anti-GOFAI) - has an interesting embodied cognition element - most of the work is done by the way the networks mix up
		- determine the price functional contribution of a network, we need to look at global variables - neurotransmitters, bodily arousal, slow-wave potentials


- Hormonal dynamics - slow wave potential : constituting role in how neural dynamics unfold - last in the body, neural dynamics - fast
- neural dynamics trained by emotional dynamics - more likely to interpret noisy data as fear-related data
- ( someone who is rational all the time - do they lose the ability for hormonal dynamics to last longer ? )

-COG345